Table 4 Summary effects of agricultural byproduct feeding on carcass and organ of broiler

Items	Fixed effect model				Random effect model				Heterogeneity
	ES1	SE2	P-value		ES	SE	P-value		I2	Q	P-value
Carcass weight	0.26	0.19	0.17		0.26	0.19	0.17		0.00	4.83	0.78
Dressing percentage	0.18	0.20	0.37		0.00	0.32	1.00		60.98	20.50	0.01
Abdominal fat	—0.03	0.23	0.88		—1.56	0.69	0.02		85.58	55.49	<0.01
Liver weight	—0.06	0.15	0.71		—0.43	0.43	0.32		86.85	136.91	<0.01
Spleen weight	0.14	0.14	0.33		0.14	0.14	0.33		0.00	9.52	0.80

¹ ES, summarized effect size based on standardized mean difference.
² SE, standard error of summarized effect size.