Table 1. Effects of light source on layers

Light source Experimental hens Observations References
Conventional LED lamps and linear LED strips Hy-line Brown (week 19—48) LED strips → ↑ egg production after peak lay (28—48 wk).No effect on egg quality and thermal environment in cages de SG Barros et al. (2020)
Incandescent, fluoroscent, and compact fluoroscent White Leghorn (week 40—48) Compact fluorescent & incandescent → ↑ egg production Incandescent → ↑ feed efficiency Ahmad et al. (2010)
LED and fluorescent Dekalb White (week 27—70) No effect on egg weight, hen-day egg production, feed intake, and mortality rates.LED → ↓ eggs/hen housed, ↓ feed efficiency.Inferior feather uniformity and insulation at 36 weeks Long et al. (2016a)
Dekalb White (week 27—60) Greater avoidance distance at 36 weeks, but no difference at 60 weeksLED → ↑ egg weight & albumen quality (27 wk), ↑ shell thickness (40 wk), ↓ egg weight (60 wk).No effect on yolk cholesterol, lipids, FA composition, or shelf-life Long et al. (2016b)
W-36 pullets (week 0—14) LED → ↑ activity levels.No effect on body weight, uniformity, mortality, feather and comb conditions Liu et al. (2018b)
W-36 laying hens (week 17—41) LED → ↓ eggshell thickness & strength (41 wk); ↓ yolk cholesterol.No effect on egg production, feed intake, and feed efficiency Liu et al. (2018a)
Incandescent, fluorescent, and white LED ATAK-S layers (week 0—52) LED → No effect on growth, intake, efficiency, livability, production, or shell quality; ↑ shape index & albumen index Kamanli et al. (2015)
Lohmann LSL-Lite (week 14—69) Red-spectrum LED → ↑ ovarian activity, ↑ feed efficiency; no effect on egg production Baxter and Bédécarrats (2019)