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Instructions for Authors

Title page (Word) Manuscript (Word) Copyright Transfer Agreement (Word)

Enacted on February 15, 1984; 1st revised on October 1, 1993
2nd revised in January 2002; 3rd revised in March 2004
4th revised in February 2008; 5th revised in March 2009
6th revised in February 2010; 7th revised in October 2014
8th revised in November 2017; 9th revised in November 2020
10th revised in April 1, 2026

1. General requirements

1) Manuscripts should be typed double-spaced (in Microsoft Word) with lines and pages consecutively using Times New Roman font at 10 points.

2) Arabic numbers are used. Weights and measures should be in System International (SI) units and temperature in the Celsius (centigrade scale)

3) The “p” for statistical significance should be italicized and in lower case letters.

4) Provide the manufacturer’s name in parentheses followed by drugs, chemicals, or instruments.

5) Author must prepare photographs carefully so that clear image can be printed.

6) Manuscripts may be written in Korean or English. Proper proofreading is required.

7) Submit the title page and manuscript as separate files, ensuring the manuscript is anonymized for double-blind peer review.

2. Research articles

Research articles are reports of basic investigations. The manuscript for an original article should be organized in the following sequence: title page, abstract and keywords, main text (introduction, methods, results, and discussion), conflict of interest, acknowledgments, references, tables, figure legends, and figures. The figures should be received as separate files. Maximum length: 2,500 words of text (not including the abstract, tables, figures, and references) with no more than a total of 10 tables and/or figures..

1) Title page

Title

The title should be limited to 20 words and there should be no abbreviations.

The running title should be limited to 10 words.

Authors and Affiliations

Full names, institutional addresses and email addresses of all authors should be provided

The description of the corresponding author should include name, institution, mailing address, telephone, and e-mail address.

ORCID

All authors are required to provide their ORCIDs (https://orcid.org).

Competing interests

The journal requires authors to declare all competing interests including financial or non-financial support related to their work. Where authors have no competing interests, the statement should read “No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported”. The editor may ask for further information relating to competing interests.

Funding sources

All sources of funding for the study must be explicitly stated in this section. If no specific funding was received, authors should state that the research was conducted without external financial support.

Acknowledgments

Please acknowledge anyone who contributed towards the article who does not meet the criteria for authorship including anyone who provided professional writing services or materials. Authors should obtain permission to acknowledge from all those mentioned in the Acknowledgements section.

Availability of data and materials

The data and materials supporting the findings of this study should be clearly described in the manuscript. If they are publicly available, the authors must provide the name of the repository and the direct access link or identifier. If they are not publicly available, the authors should specify the conditions under which the data or materials can be made available.

Author contributions

What authors have done for the study should be described in this section. To qualify for authorship, all contributors must meet at least one of the seven core contributions by CRediT (conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation; https://credit.niso.org/), as well as at least one of the writing contributions (original draft preparation, review and editing). Authors may also satisfy the other remaining contributions; however, these alone will not qualify them for authorship.

Contributions will be published with the final article, and they should accurately reflect contributions to the work. The submitting author is responsible for completing this information at submission, and it is expected that all authors will have reviewed, discussed, and agreed to their individual contributions ahead of this time.

Ethics approval

A written statement must be described in the original articles indicating whether or not Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was obtained or equivalent guidelines; if not, an explanation must be provided. Similarly, a written statement confirming approval by appropriate the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) must be included for research involving animals. Any manuscript submitted without appropriate IRB or IACUC approval will not be reviewed and will be returned to the authors. For studies involving human participants, a statement confirming that informed consent was obtained must also be included.

Declaration of generative AI

Authors must disclose the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by adding a statement.

2) Abstract

The Abstract should not exceed 300 words. Please minimize the use of abbreviations and do not cite references in the abstract. The abstract should contain important objectives, materials and methods, results, conclusion, and applications. Use complete sentences and standard terms. Use of abbreviations in the abstract should be avoided.

3) Keywords

Three to five keywords are listed.

4) Introduction

The introduction section should explain the rationale for performing the study, background, objectives, and hypothesis.

5) Materials and methods

The methods section should:

• Use subheadings to separate different methodologies.
• Describe established methods briefly, and simply cite a reference where readers can find more detail
• State all statistical tests and parameters

6) Results (with subheadings)

This should include the findings of the study including, if appropriate, results of statistical analysis which must be included either in the text or as tables and figures.

7) Discussion

This section should discuss the implications of the findings in context of existing research and highlight limitations of the study. For study protocols and methodology manuscripts this section should include a discussion of any practical or operational issues involved in performing the study and any issues not covered in other sections. The Results and Discussion section may be combined.

8) References

In the text, references should be cited with Arabic numerals in brackets, numbered in the order cited ([1], [2,3], [4-8]).

Research articles should contain no more than 40 references, and reviews no more than 100 references.

Examples of the Vancouver reference style are shown below.

Other types of references not described below should follow The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (https://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine).

Example reference style:

Article within a journal

Choi JU, No DH, Kim JW, Park SH, Han DE, Cho EJ, et al. Effects of breed, laying age, and temperature-humidity index on the laying rate of Korean indigenous chickens. Korean J Poult Sci. 2025;52:69-77.

Article within a journal (no page numbers)

Rohrmann S, Overvad K, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Jakobsen MU, Egeberg R, Tjønneland A, et al. Meat consumption and mortality - results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. BMC Med. 2013;11:63.

Article within a journal by DOI (without a volume designation but with a DOI)

Slifka MK, Whitton JL. Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. Dig J Mol Med. 2000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s01090000086

Book chapter, or an article within a book

Wyllie AH, Kerr JFR, Currie AR. Cell death: the significance of apoptosis. In: Bourne GH, Danielli JF, Jeon KW, editors. International review of cytology. Academic; 1980. p. 251-306.

Complete book, authored

Blenkinsopp A, Paxton P. Symptoms in the pharmacy: a guide to the management of common illness. 3rd ed. Blackwell Science; 1998.

Online document

Doe J. Title of subordinate document [Internet]. Royal Society of Chemistry; 1999 [cited 2019 Aug 4]. http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document

Conference paper

Kim HW. Challenges and future directions on journal “perspectives in nursing science” in Korea. Poster session presented at: Asia Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors Convention 2013; 2013 Aug 2-4; Tokyo, Japan.

Proceeding paper

Brody AL. Meat packaging: past, present and future. In: Proceedings of the 55th Reciprocal Meat Conference; 2002.

Dissertation

Kim K. Quantum critical phenomena in superfluids and superconductors [Ph.D. dissertation]. California Institute of Technology; 1991.

Scientific and technical report

Kim SN, Park JR, Bae HS, Kown KW, Joo DB, Lim ST, et al. A study on the meta evaluation of Korean university evaluation. Korean Educational Development Institute; 2004. Report No.: CR 2004-45.

9) Tables

When preparing tables, please follow the formatting instructions below.

• Tables should be numbered and cited in the text in sequence using Arabic numerals (i.e. Table 1, Table 2 etc.).
• Tables less than one A4 or Letter page in length can be placed in the appropriate location within the manuscript.
• Tables larger than one A4 or Letter page in length can be placed at the end of the document text file. Please cite and indicate where the table should appear at the relevant location in the text file so that the table can be added in the correct place during production.
• Tables should not be embedded as figures or spreadsheet files, but should be formatted using ‘Table object’ function in your word processing program.
• Color, boldface, and shading may not be used. Parts of the table can be highlighted using superscripts, letters, or symbols, which should be explained in the table footnotes.
• Footnotes in a table are to be specified by superscript numbers 1), 2), 3). Superscript letters are used to designate statistical significance.
• Use a period (.) rather than a comma (,) as a decimal separator
• All abbreviations used in the tables must be defined in each table.

10) Figures

When preparing figures, please follow the formatting instructions below.

• Figures should be provided as separate files, not embedded in the main manuscript file.
• Each figure of a manuscript should be submitted as a single file that fits on a single page in portrait format.
• Tables should not be submitted as figures but should be included in the main manuscript file.
• Multi-panel figures (those with parts a, b, c, d etc.) should be submitted as a single composite file that contains all parts of the figure.
• Figures should be numbered in the order they are first mentioned in the text, and uploaded in this order.
• Figures should be uploaded in the correct orientation.
• Figure keys should be incorporated into the graphic, not into the legend of the figure.
• Each figure should be closely cropped to minimize the amount of white space surrounding the illustration. Cropping figures improves accuracy when placing the figure in combination with other elements when the accepted manuscript is prepared for publication on our site.
• Individual figure files should not exceed 10 MB. If a suitable format is chosen, this file size is adequate for extremely high quality figures.
• Figures should be designed such that all information, including text, is legible at these dimensions. All lines should be wider than 0.25 pt when constrained to standard figure widths. All fonts must be embedded.
• All abbreviations used in the figures must be defined in each figure.

3. Review articles

Review articles provide comprehensive summaries and critical analyses of specific, timely topics within the journal's scope. These manuscripts are generally invited by the Editorial Board, although unsolicited reviews may be considered after prior consultation with the Editor-in-Chief. They should include an unstructured abstract of no more than 300 words. The main text is typically limited to 5,000 words (excluding references and figure legends), with a maximum of 100 references. Please note that systematic reviews and meta-analyses are categorized as review articles but must follow the standard structural format of original research articles.

4. Short Communications

Short communications are concise but complete reports of preliminary findings, novel methodologies, or significant new observations that require rapid publication. These manuscripts should follow the same general structure as original research articles but must be significantly shorter. An unstructured abstract of no more than 200 words is required. The main text should not exceed 3,000 words, and no more than 20 references. Due to their brief nature, the Results and Discussion sections may be combined into a single section.

5. Abbreviations

The abbreviations listed below may be used in the manuscript without prior definition.

Unit	Abbreviation	Unit	Abbreviation
AME	apparent metabolizable energy	MEn	nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy
AMEn	nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy	mRNA	messenger ribonucleic acid
ANOVA	analysis of variance	min	minute
AOAC	Association of Official Analytical Chemists	mo	month
BW	body weight	MS	mean square
cfu	colony-forming units	n	number of observations
CP	crude protein	NRC	National Research Council
cpm	counts per minute	NS	not significant
CV	coefficient of variation	ppm	parts per million
d	day	r	correlation coefficient
df	degree of freedom	r2	coefficient of determination, simple
DM	dry matter	R2	coefficient of determination, multiple
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid	RIA	radioimmunoassay
EDTA	ethylenediaminetetraacetate	RNA	ribonucleic acid
ELISA	enzyme-linked immunosorbent antibody assay	rpm	revolutions per minute
g	gram	s	second
g	gravity	s.c.	subcutaneous
h	hour	SD	standard deviation
HPLC	high-performance(high-pressure) liquid chromatography	SE	standard error
ICU	international chick units	SEM	standard error of the mean
Ig	immunoglobulin	TME	true metabolizable energy
i.m.	intramuscular	TMEn	nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy
i.p.	intraperitoneal	Tris	tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
IU	international units	TSAA	total sulfur amino acids
i.v.	intravenous	vol / vol	volume to volume
L	liter	wt / vol	weight to volume
m	meter	wt / wt	weight to weight
mL	milliliter	wk	week
μ	micro	X̄	mean
ME	metabolizable energy	yr	year